A survey conducted by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in partnership with the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ) and the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) has revealed a number of corrupt institutions in the country.

Ghana Police Service came out on top as the most corrupt institution.

Among all public officials, police officers have emerged as the most vulnerable to bribery, exhibiting a concerning prevalence rate of 53.2 percent.

Following closely, officers from the Ghana Immigration Service (GIS) and customs officers from the Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) also registered significant positions on the list, with bribery rates of 37.4 percent and 33.6 percent, respectively.

Taking the second position on this list are the members of the judicial system, including prosecutors, judges, and magistrates.

It is, however, important to note that Ghana has set up some institutions to combat corruption in the country.

CHRAJ

Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ) is backed by the 1992 Constitution of Ghana and by its enabling Act, Act 456, in 1993 to investigate all instances of alleged or suspected corruption and the misappropriation of public monies by officials and to take appropriate steps, including reports to the Attorney-General and the Auditor-General, resulting from such investigations.

EOCO

The Economic and Organised Crime Office (EOCO) is mandated to detect, investigate, prevent, and prosecute all serious economic and organised crimes in Ghana.

OSP

The Office of the Special Prosecutor (OSP) is an independent specialised agency responsible for performing four (4) main functions.

The OSP is tasked with investigating specific cases of alleged or suspected corruption or corruption-related offences involving public officers and persons who have been entrusted with prominent public functions in Ghana or a foreign country or an international organisation such as senior political party officials, government officials, judicial officials, military officials, a person who is or has been an executive in a foreign country of a state-owned company, a senior political party official in a foreign country, and an immediate family member or close associate of such a person, as well as persons in the private sector involved in the commission of such offences.

The OSP is mandated to prosecute offenders involved in the commission of corruption and corruption-related offences on the authority of the Attorney-General.

The OSP is empowered to recover the proceeds of corruption and corruption-related offences.

The OSP is required to stake steps to prevent corruption.

Financial Intelligence Centre

The Financial Intelligence Centre (FIC) is the national centre for the receipt and analysis of suspicious transaction reports and other information relevant to predicate offences of Money Laundering/ Terrorist Financing and Proliferation Financing (ML/TF&P) and to disseminate actionable intelligence to competent authorities.

The Financial Intelligence Centre (FIC) was established by section 4 of the Anti-Money Laundering Act, 2008 (Act 749) as amended.

Public Procurement Authority

Public Procurement Authority (PPA) is established by the Public Procurement Act, 2003 (Act 663) as a regulatory body responsible for the effective implementation of the Public Procurement Law in Ghana.

The Authority seeks to ensure fairness, transparency and non-discrimination in public procurement in order to promote a competitive local industry and increase the confidence of our varied stakeholders in public procurement processes in the country and beyond.

NCCE

The National Commission for Civic Education is an independent, non-partisan governance institution set up under Article 231 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ghana and the National Commission for Civic Education Act, 1993, Act 452 of the Parliament of Ghana.

The Commission works to promote and sustain democracy and inculcate in the Ghanaian citizenry, the awareness of their rights and obligations, through civic education.

One function of the NCCE is to formulate, implement and oversee programmes intended to inculcate in the citizens of Ghana awareness of their civic responsibilities and an appreciation of their rights and obligations as free people

Police CID Anti-corruption unit

The Police Criminal Investigation Department's anti-corruption unit probes criminal matters.